Production manager must have sound Knowledge of materials and their properties, so that he can select appropriate materials for his product.
Research on materials is necessary to find alternatives to satisfy the changing needs of the design in the product and availability of material resumes. In competitive situation this will help the management to decide what should be done in arresting the costs at desired level. It also has to draw the timings of materials movement and plan the activities of manpower. The scheduling is to be done keeping in mind the loads on hand and capacities of facilities available.
The Routing consists of fixing the flow lines for various raw materials, components etc. These are prepared in a set of five copies. These documents are to be released from Production Management department to give green signal for starting the production. The activities of the shop floor will follow the instructions given in these documents. Activity of releasing the document is known as dispatching. Expediting engineers go round the production floor along with the plans, compare the actual with the plan and feed back the progress of the work to the management.
This will help the management to evaluate the plans. This is true because, if the quality inspection is given to production Management, then there is a chance of qualifying the defective products also. To avoid this situation an external person does correction of answer scripts, so that the quality of answers are correctly judged. This is necessary for setting up the standards for future.
What ever may be the size of the firm; Production management department alone must do Routing, Scheduling, Loading, Dispatching and expediting.
This is because this department knows very well regarding materials, Methods, and available resources etc. If the firms are small, all the above-mentioned functions i to x are to be carried out by Production Management Department.
In medium sized firms in addition to Routing, Scheduling and Loading, Dispatching and expediting, some more functions like Methods, Machines may be under the control of Production Management Department. In large firms, there will be Separate departments for Methods, Machines, Materials and others but routing, loading and scheduling are the sole functions of Production Management.
All the above ten functions are categorized in three stage, that is Preplanning, Planning and control stages as shown in figure. This is to say all the activities of an organization, such as: Finance, Personnel, Marketing Hence the position of Production Management in an organization is very important. Whether it should be a line function or Staff function, more or less depends upon the corporate management policy. In small organization, Production Management is whole and sole of it.
The figure 1. Figure 1. Production and Operations Management 9 1. Basic principles that guide the formation of planning policy and its execution may be the same for all the manufacturing concerns.
But emphasis on a particular aspect of production management in fulfilling of specific requirement of the plant and the management approach to the problems of inventory, machine selection, machine setting, tooling, routing, scheduling, loading, follow up and general control will differ depending on the type of production system.
Three main factors generally determine this aspect are : i Type of production i. They are discussed below. The quality involved is small and the manufacturing of the product will take place as per the specifications given by the customer. This system may be further classified as. After the completion of the product, he takes delivery of the product and leaves the firm.
He may not visit the firm to book the order for the same product. The firm has to plan for material, process and manpower only after receiving the order from the customer.
The firms have no scope for pre-planning the production of the product. Here also planning for materials, process and manpower will start only after taking the order from the customer. In case the firm maintains the record of the Jobs Produced by it, it can refer to the previous plans, when the customer arrives at the firm to book the order. Here firm knows very well that the customer visits at regular intervals, it can plan for materials, and process and manpower and have them in a master file.
As soon as the customer visits and books the order, the firm can start production. If the volume of the order is considerably large and the number of regularly visiting customers are large in number, the Job Production system slowly transform into Batch Production system.
When the Production of plant and equipment is terminated, the plant and equipment can be used for producing similar products. This system also can be classified under three categories. The size of the order is greater than that of job production order. The firm has to plan for the resources after taking the order from the customer. It can have well designed file of its plans, material requirement and instructions for the ready reference.
It can also purchase materials required in bulk in advance. As the frequency of regular orders goes on increasing the Batch Production system becomes Mass Production System. Here also, incase the demand for a particular product ceases, the plant and machinery can be used for producing other products with slight modification in layout or in machinery and equipment.
The continuous production is normally associated with large quantities and with high rate of demand. Hence the advantage of automatic production is taken. This system is classified as i Mass Production: Here same type of product is produced to meet the demand of an assembly line or the market. This system needs good planning for material, process, maintenance of machines and instruction to operators.
Purchases of materials in bulk quantities is advisable. In Mass Production identical products are produced in large numbers. If the demand falls or ceases, the machinery and equipment, after slight modification be used for manufacturing products of similar nature. In flow production, the plant and equipment is designed for a specified product.
Hence if the demand falls for the product or ceases, the plant cannot be used for manufacturing other products. It is to be scraped. The examples for the above discussed production system are i Job Production Shop: Tailors shop; cycle and vehicles repair shops, Job typing shops, small Workshops. Table 1. Particulars Intermittent production system Continuous production system. Type of Process layout is most Product layout designed according plant layout. Type of As it necessitate frequent changes in the As production flow is permanently in machine machine set-up required by the specifica- the form of product line, Automatic or tion of each order, general purpose special purpose machines are used.
Also they In flow production specialised have good flexibility. In batch produc- machines are used. Production and Operations Management 11 S. Type of The type of production pre-supposes The manufacturing activity becomes labour frequent changes in product design and a routine function and as the machines machine setups; which requires highly are designed to suit the process skilled labour. Repair and maintenance required for product and automatic in of machines are to be done by nature unskillful or semi-skilled labour these labours.
A specialised team of plant maintenance staff will look after the repair and maintenance of machines. The product manufacutred in large quantities. Each lot one or two products of standard design. Changes As specification of each order changes, In this type of manufacturing, the set- in machine the machines are to set according to up of machines remains unchanged for set-up.
The standard products frequent changes in machine are manufactured in a continuous flow. The mission of Production and Operations Management is to serve as the flagship research journal in operations management in manufacturing and services. Production and Operation Management deals with the creation of goods and services through the application of the business concept.
They are also vital in both. Nov 7, - 2. Jump to Production systems - Production systemsIt is concerned with managing an entire production or service system which is the process that converts inputs in the forms of. Not only does the enterprise utilizes materials to create commodities, but it also plays along with the market.
The simple law of supply and demand is one undeniable principle to look into whether the supply chain needs to go full steam or slow down the pace. Thus, managing the fiery furnaces, assembly lines, and the conveyor belts takes a lot of skill, teamwork, and dedication to effectively deliver the much-needed results and at the same time, survive in a highly competitive market situation.
Table of Contents: What is Production Management? Can Queue Handle This?
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